Ahelp (alphabetical) - CIAO 3.4

CXC Home Page

Chandra Science Links

Skip the navigation links

[CIAO Logo]

CIAO 3.4 Homepage
CIAO 4.1 Homepage
Introduction: Welcome; Tools & Applications
Data Analysis: Analysis Guides; Science Threads; Sherpa Threads; ChaRT Threads; Why Topics; Help Pages (AHELP)
Sherpa (Modeling & Fitting)
S-Lang in CIAO
Documentation: "Watch Out" List; Bug List; Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ); Manuals; Dictionary; Chandra Publications; Software Survey Results
Download CIAO: Download CIAO 3.4; Platform Support; Release Notes; Version History; Analysis Scripts; CIAO Web Pages; Contributed Software
Data Products: Data Basics; Data Products Guide; Data Caveats; Reprocessing III; Pipeline Processing (SDP); Chandra Archive
Workshops
CXC Links: CALDB; ATOMDB; WebGUIDE; ChaRT; Astrostatistics Collaboration; CXO Cross-calibration Page
Site Map

Matching CIAO and CALDB Versions

CIAO 3.4 requires CALDB 3.3.0 or higher to operate properly.

CALDB 3.4.0 and higher should not be used unless you are running CIAO 3.4 or CIAO 4.0.

Are your versions mismatched? Time to update CIAO and CALDB!

News Previous Items

11 Nov 2008

These are the webpages relative to the CIAO 3.4 release (18 December 2006). They are no longer actively updated, however the CXC will continue limited support of CIAO 3.4 for the near future.

CIAO 3.4 users should check the CALDB 3 website for compatible calibration updates.

15 Dec 2008

The newest version of the Chandra Interactive Analysis of Observations software, is CIAO 4.1, released on 15 December 2008. Read the release notes for detailed information. This release requires that CALDB 4.1.0 be installed for the software to work correctly.

Alphabetical list of Ahelp files for CIAO 3.4

Jump to: Main AHELP page | Contextual List

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z _

		Topic		Context		Summary
A		abs		slangrtl		Compute the absolute value of a number
		acisreadcorr		tools		Flag and relocate out-of-time CCD events
		acisspec		tools		(1) Extract source and/or background ACIS imaging spectra for both point-like and extended sources; (2) coadd ACIS spectra; (3) build weighted ARFs and RMFs.
		acis_bkgrnd_lookup		tools		Find the matching ACIS "blank-sky" dataset for an observation
		acis_build_badpix		tools		Create an observation-specific bad-pixel file
		acis_classify_hotpix		tools		Determine whether a suspicious pixel is hot or affected by an afterglow.
		acis_detect_afterglow		tools		Identify and flag cosmic ray afterglows (L1)
		acis_expmap		tools		Generate ACIS exposure maps for celldetect recursive blocking
		acis_fef_lookup		tools		Find the FITS Embedded Function file for use by mkrmf
		acis_find_hotpix		tools		Identify pixels that have an unusually large (or small) number of events.
		acis_process_events		tools		Produce or update TIME, coordinates, PI, GRADE, and STATUS information in ACIS event files
		acis_run_hotpix		tools		Identify and flag "hot" pixels and cosmic-ray "afterglows."
		acis_set_ardlib		tools		Sets the bad pixel paremeters of the ardlib file to the given file
		aconvolve		tools		Convolve an N-dimensional image with a kernel
		acosh		slangrtl		Compute the inverse cosh of an number
		acos		slangrtl		Compute the arc-cosine of an number
		acrosscorr		tools		Cross-correlate two N-dimensional images or autocorrelate an image
		add_grating_orders		tools		Add positive and negative diffraction orders of a grating PHA spectra and the corresponding ARFs
		add_grating_spectra		tools		Add two, source and background, grating PHA spectra, averages the corresponding ARFs, and group the coadded spectrum.
		ahelp		ahelp		Access the CIAO help documentation.
		analysis-menu		gui		The "Analysis" menu in CIAO GUIs allows users to run command-line tools.
		analysis		sherpa		Specifies whether to analyze datasets in energy, wavelength, or channel space.
		analyze_ltcrv		tools		analyze_ltcrv.sl - An algorithm for cleaning lightcurves
		apowerspectrum		tools		Compute the power spectrum of an N-dimensional input array, or from two columns (independent/dependent variable) in an input file
		append_to_slang_load_path		slangrtl		Append a directory to the load-path
		apropos		varmm		S-Lang function to find defined symbols (functions and variables)
		ardlib		calibration		Analysis Reference Data Library
		arestore		tools		restore image resolution using deconvolution techniques
		array_info		slangrtl		Returns information about an array
		array_map		slangrtl		Apply a function to each element of an array
		array_sort		slangrtl		Sort an array
		array_to_bstring		slangrtl		Convert an array to a binary string
		ascii2fits		tools		Convert simple ASCII files to FITS format files
		asinh		slangrtl		Compute the inverse-sinh of an number
		asin		slangrtl		Compute the arc-sine of an number
		asphist		tools		Bin the aspect solution into a 3D histogram of duration vs pointing offset and roll offset.
		assoc_delete_key		slangrtl		Delete a key from an Associative Array
		assoc_get_keys		slangrtl		Return all the key names of an Associative Array
		assoc_get_values		slangrtl		Return all the values of an Associative Array
		assoc_key_exists		slangrtl		Check to see whether a key exists in an Associative Array
		atanh		slangrtl		Compute the inverse-tanh of an number
		atan		slangrtl		Compute the arc-tangent of an number
		atof		slangrtl		Convert a string to a double precision number
		atten		sherpa		Attenuation by ISM. Integration OFF.
		autoest		sherpa		Automatic estimation of initial parameter values in Sherpa models
		autoload		slangrtl		Load a function from a file
		autoname		concept		Autonaming is a feature available in various tools for automatically naming an output file based upon the name of an input file.
		axbary		tools		Apply barycentric corrections to event times, GTIs, and header values.
		axes		chips		Specifies the appearance of the bounding box surrounding a drawing area. The command AXIS is equivalent.

B		background		sherpa		Defines a model expression to be used for the background. The command BG is an abbreviated equivalent.
		back		sherpa		Inputs the contents of one or more background data files.
		batch		chips		Turns on/off use of a plotting device.
		bayes		sherpa		A Bayesian maximum likelihood function.
		bbodyfreq		sherpa		Blackbody as a function of frequency. Integration ON.
		bbody		sherpa		Blackbody as a function of energy. Integration ON.
		berrors		sherpa		Defines an expression to be used to specify the statistical errors for background data. The commands BACKERRORS and BSTATERRORS are equivalent.
		beta1d		sherpa		1-D surface brightness beta-model. Integration OFF
		beta2d		sherpa		2-D Lorentzian with varying power law. Integration OFF. The LORPOW2D model is equivalent.
		box1d		sherpa		1-D box function. Integration OFF.
		box2d		sherpa		2-D box function. Integration OFF.
		bpl1d		sherpa		Broken power law function. Integration ON.
		browse		chips		Launches the CIAO file-browsing GUI, Prism. The command PRISM is equivalent.
		bstring_to_array		slangrtl		Convert a binary string to an array of characters
		bstrlen		slangrtl		Get the length of a binary string
		bsyserrors		sherpa		Defines an expression or file to be used to specify the systematic errors for background data.
		bye		sherpa		Terminates the Sherpa program. Other equivalent termination commands are EXIT and QUIT.
		byte_compile_file		slangrtl		Compile a file to byte-code for faster loading.

C		calCreateInfo		caldb		Create a CALDB structure for use in other CALDB calls.
		calc_kcorr		sherpa		Calculate the k correction for a spectral model, redshift, and energy range.
		caldb		calibration		CALibration DataBase (CALDB)
		caldb		modules		The S-Lang interface to the CXC CALDB library
		calFindFile		caldb		Query the Calibration Database for a file
		calGetData		caldb		Returns the code name stored in the CALDB structure.
		calGetDate		caldb		Returns the observation start date stored in the CALDB structure.
		calGetDetector		caldb		Returns the name of the detector stored in the CALDB structure.
		calGetError		caldb		Returns the severity of the last CALDB error.
		calGetFilter		caldb		Returns the name of the filter stored in the CALDB structure.
		calGetInstrument		caldb		Returns the name of the instrument stored in the CALDB structure.
		calGetQuery		caldb		Returns the value of the query expression stored in the CALDB structure.
		calGetTelescope		caldb		Returns the name of the telescope stored in the CALDB structure.
		calGetTime		caldb		Returns the observation start time stored in the CALDB structure.
		calPrintInfo		caldb		Display the contents of the CALDB structure
		calSetData		caldb		Sets the data product code name for the next CALDB query.
		calSetDate		caldb		Sets the date for the next CALDB query.
		calSetDetector		caldb		Sets the name of the detector in the CALDB structure.
		calSetExpression		caldb		Sets the boundary condition(s) for the CALDB query.
		calSetFilter		caldb		Sets the filter to be used in a CALDB query.
		calSetInstrument		caldb		Sets the name of the instrument in the CALDB structure.
		calSetTelescope		caldb		Sets the name of the telescope in the CALDB structure.
		calSetTime		caldb		Sets the time for the next CALDB query.
		cash		sherpa		A maximum likelihood function.
		cast		sherpa		[REMOVED AS OF CIAO 3.0.2] Casts a dataset to single or double precision.
		celldetect		tools		Use a "sliding cell" to search for sources
		chart_spectrum		tools		chart_spectrum.sl - Create a source spectrum for input to ChaRT
		char		slangrtl		Convert an ascii value into a string
		chdir		slangrtl		Change the current working directory.
		chicvar		sherpa		Chi-square statistic with constant variance computed from the counts data.
		chidvar		sherpa		Chi-square statistic with variance computed from the data.
		chigehrels		sherpa		Chi-square statistic with the Gehrels variance function.
		chimvar		sherpa		Chi-square statistic with variance computed from model amplitudes.
		chiprimini		sherpa		Chi-square statistic with Primini variance function.
		chips_auto_redraw		chips		Set the automatic redrawing mode.
		chips_clear		chips		Removes all plotting objects, creating a new blank drawing area.
		chips_color_name		chips		Converts a color number to a string.
		chips_color_value		chips		Converts the name of a color to its numeric value.
		chips_eval		chips		Call ChIPS commands from S-Lang
		chips_get_pane		chips		Get the current pane/drawing area.
		chips_get_xrange		chips		Get the upper and/or lower x-axis limits of the plot
		chips_get_xscale		chips		Get the x-axis scale
		chips_get_yrange		chips		Get the upper and/or lower y-axis limits of the plot
		chips_get_yscale		chips		Get the y-axis scale
		chips_get_zrange		chips		Get the upper and/or lower z-axis limits of the plot
		chips_get_zscale		chips		Get the z-axis scale
		chips_label		chips		Adds a label to a drawing area.
		chips_line		chips		Adds a line to a drawing area.
		chips_pickpoints		chips		Read 1 or more cursor positions from ChIPS.
		chips_redraw		chips		Redraws all plotting objects.
		chips_set_pane		chips		Set the current pane/drawing area.
		chips_set_xrange		chips		Set the upper and/or lower x-axis limits of the plot
		chips_set_xscale		chips		Set the x-axis scale
		chips_set_yrange		chips		Set the upper and/or lower y-axis limits of the plot
		chips_set_yscale		chips		Set the y-axis scale
		chips_set_zrange		chips		Set the upper and/or lower z-axis limits of the plot
		chips_set_zscale		chips		Set the z-axis scale
		chips_split		chips		Creates multiple drawing areas.
		chips_version		chips		Report the version of ChIPS as a number or string.
		chips		chips		Introduction to ChIPS, CIAO's plotting package.
		chisquare		sherpa		Chi-square statistic.
		chmod		slangrtl		Change the mode of a file
		chown		slangrtl		Change the owner of a file
		ciao.par		gui		Parameter file to configure options for CIAO applications.
	ciaoshmem		gui		Provides information on and configuration of CIAO sessions.
	ciao		concept		Chandra Interactive Analysis of Observations
	clearerr		slangrtl		Clear the error of a file stream
	clearstack		varmm		S-Lang function to clear the stack.
	clear		chips		Removes all plotting objects and creates a new blank drawing area.
	close		sherpa		Closes the image display window.
	close		slangrtl		Close an open file descriptor
	colden		proposaltools		Interactive program to evaluate the neutral hydrogen column density at a given direction on the sky
	colorsys		chips		Sets the color system for hardcopy plots.
	color_image		tools		Run dmimg2jpg to make a color JPEG image
	compute_errors		sherpa		Module function to estimate errors for an array of data
	compute_statistic		sherpa		Module function to estimate a statistic given arrays of data, model amplitudes, and errors, etc.
	configure		concept		Configuration and customization of CIAO
	Conj		slangrtl		Compute the complex conjugate of a number
	const1d		sherpa		1-D constant amplitude model. Integration ON.
	const2d		sherpa		2-D constant amplitude model. Integration ON.
	contour		chips		Adds a contour plot to a drawing area.
	coords		chandra		Coordinate systems used in Chandra analysis
	coord		sherpa		Specifies the coordinate system for use in fits to 2-D images.
	cosh		slangrtl		Compute the hyperbolic cosine of an number
	cos		sherpa		Cosine function. Integration OFF.
	cos		slangrtl		Compute the cosine of an number
	covariance		sherpa		Computes covariance matrices, and provides an estimate of confidence intervals for selected thawed parameters.
	cplot		sherpa		Causes the specified 2-D data to be displayed, with a contour plot, via ChIPS.
	createparamset		sherpa		To be especially efficient, one may establish and assign a name to a model component, as well as set model parameters and their ranges, all at one time using a single command:
	create_delimited_string		slangrtl		Concatenate strings using a delimiter
	create_model		sherpa		Module functions to instantiate new source or instrument models.
	create		sherpa		Establishes a model component and its parameters, for use in the current Sherpa session.
	csmooth		tools		Adaptively smooth a 2-D image
	cstat		sherpa		A maximum likelihood function.
	ctime		slangrtl		Convert a calendar time to a string
	cumsum		slangrtl		Compute the cumulative sum of an array
	current_namespace		slangrtl		Get the name of the current namespace
	curve		chips		Plots a curve or change its attributes (PLOT is equivalent).
	c		chips		Defines the current curve.

D		dataspace		sherpa		Creates a data grid on which models may be evaluated.
		data		sherpa		Inputs the contents of one or more source data files.
		dates		proposaltools		DATES is an interactive calendar and time conversion tool.
		dcounts		sherpa		Calculates the sum of observed counts data for source or background datasets.
		define_case		slangrtl		Define upper-lower case conversion.
		delete		chips		Deletes plotting objects (drawing area, curves, lines and labels) from a plot.
		delta1d		sherpa		1-D delta function. Integration ON.
		delta2d		sherpa		2-D delta function. Integration ON.
		dered		sherpa		Dereddening function. Integration OFF.
		describe		guide		Describe is a GUIDE command that prints out detailed information about either one or two energy levels and, if two levels are input, any atomic transitions between them.
		destreak		tools		Remove streak events from ACIS data
		devaucouleurs		sherpa		DeVaucouleurs profile. Integration OFF.
		display		chips		Causes the specified 2-D data to be displayed, using the default imaging display tool (i.e. ds9)
		dither_region		tools		Compute fraction of region area that covers chips
		dmappend		tools		Append multiple blocks/extensions to an existing output file.
		dmarfadd		tools		Add multiple ARF files together, weighting by exposure.
		dmbinning		dm		The CIAO binning syntax
		dmcols		dm		Selecting columns in a table
		dmcontour		tools		Make contour regions from a 2-D image
		dmcoords		tools		Convert between Chandra coordinate systems
		dmcopy		tools		Filter and bin tables and images.
		dmdiff		tools		Compare values in two FITS files.
		dmextract		tools		Make a histogram table file (e.g. PHA file, lightcurve file) from a table column. Generate count histogram on supplied regions for a spatial table or image file.
		dmfiltering		dm		The CIAO filtering syntax
		dmfilth		tools		Replace pixel values in source regions of an image with values interpolated from surrounding background regions
		dmgroupreg		tools		Translates DS9 regions and groups to CIAO format.
		dmgroup		tools		Group a specified column in a table with various options
		dmgti		tools		Create a Good Time Interval from limits placed on time-based files (event and Mission Time Line files).
		dmhedit		tools		Edit datamodel file headers
		dmhistory		tools		Extracts the tool history from the file header
		dmimages		dm		Images in CIAO: logical and physical coordinate systems
		dmimfiltering		dm		The CIAO filtering syntax for images
		dmimg2jpg		tools		Make a color JPEG image (or EPS) from three image files
		dmimgcalc		tools		Perform arithmetic on images
		dmimghist		tools		Create a histogram of the pixel values in a 2-D image
		dmimgpick		tools		Maps image values to rows in a table
		dmimgthresh		tools		Set low (or high) intensity or exposure regions of an image to a constant value.
		dmintro		dm		The Data Model library underlies most of the CXC tools.
		dmjoin		tools		Join two files whose sampling is different.
		dmkeypar		tools		Retrieve information about a keyword from an input file
		dmlist		tools		List contents or structure of a file.
		dmmakepar		tools		Write header keywords to a parameter file
		dmmakereg		tools		Convert a region string to a CXC FITS region file
		dmmerge		tools		Merge two or more compatible tables (e.g. event files) into one.
		dmopt		dm		Controlling data model internal options
		dmpaste		tools		Add new columns to a table.
		dmreadpar		tools		Create header keywords from a parameter file
		dmregions		dm		CIAO region filtering syntax
		dmregrid		tools		Rebin a stack of 2-dimensional images.
		dmsort		tools		Sort a table.
		dmstat		tools		Compute statistics for images and columns in tables.
		dmsyntax		dm		The Data Model syntax for filtering and binning files.
		dmtcalc		tools		Modify and create columns in a table
		dmtype2split		tools		Create a type 1 output file for specified rows of a type 2 file.
		dm		dm		The CIAO Data Model
		dollarsign		sherpa		Must precede any Unix command issued within Sherpa or ChIPS.
		double		slangrtl		Convert an object to double precision
		drawarea		chips		Specifies the location for a new drawing area.
		ds9_center		ds9		Center image at position
		ds9_clear		ds9		Erase a DS9 frame
		ds9_get_array		ds9		Retrieve displayed image
		ds9_get_cmap		ds9		Retrieve colormap from DS9
		ds9_get_coords		ds9		Retrieve position of next mouseclick within any frame
		ds9_get_crosshair		ds9		Retrieve position of crosshair cursor
	ds9_get_file		ds9		Retrieve name of file being displayed
	ds9_get_regions		ds9		Retrieve descriptions of regions applied to a displayed image
	ds9_get_scale		ds9		Retrieve image scale
	ds9_get_zoom		ds9		Retrieve zoom level
	ds9_launch		ds9		Establish connection to a DS9 process
	ds9_pan		ds9		Shift image position
	ds9_put_array		ds9		Visualize an image pixel array
	ds9_put_crosshair		ds9		Set position of crosshair cursor
	ds9_put_file		ds9		Load FITS file
	ds9_put_regions		ds9		Request that region descriptions be applied to the displayed image
	ds9_put_wcs_keys		ds9		Apply WCS to displayed image, using pre-formatted FITS keywords
	ds9_put_wcs_struct		ds9		Apply WCS to displayed image, using structure field values
	ds9_put_wcs		ds9		Apply WCS to displayed image, using raw numeric or string values
	ds9_quit		ds9		Terminate a DS9 process
	ds9_set_cmap		ds9		Change colormap of DS9
	ds9_set_scale		ds9		Change image scale
	ds9_set_zoom		ds9		Zoom in or out
	ds9_view		ds9		Launch DS9 with file or image pixel array
	ds9		modules		A simple S-Lang interface to ds9
	dup_fd		slangrtl		Duplicate a file descriptor
	dup_struct		varmm		S-Lang function to duplicate a structured variable.
	dup		slangrtl		Duplicate the value at the top of the stack
	d		chips		Defines the current drawing area.

E		echo		sherpa		Turns on/off reporting of user keystrokes.
		edge		sherpa		Photoabsorption edge model. Integration OFF.
		eflux		sherpa		Calculates the unconvolved energy flux for source or background datasets.
		eqwidth		sherpa		Computes the equivalent width of an emission or absorption line in source or background data.
		erase		sherpa		Erases user inputs and settings, and/or model components.
		erfc		sherpa		A 1-D complementary error function. Integration OFF.
		erf		sherpa		A 1-D error function. Integration OFF.
		errno_string		slangrtl		Return a string describing an errno.
		errno		slangrtl		Error code set by system functions.
		errors		sherpa		Defines an expression to be used to specify the statistical errors for source data.
		error		slangrtl		Generate an error condition
		errs		chips		Specifies the appearance of errorbars.
		evalfile		slangrtl		Interpret a file containing S-Lang code.
		eval		slangrtl		Interpret a string as S-Lang code
		eventdef		chandra		Column definition in Chandra event files
		exch		slangrtl		Exchange two items on the stack
		exit		chips		Terminates the program. The command QUIT is equivalent.
		exp		slangrtl		Compute the exponential of an number
		extract_element		slangrtl		Extract the nth element of a string with delimiters

F		fakeit		sherpa		Creates a simulated 1-D dataset.
		farf2d		sherpa		A 2-D file-based ancillary response model. Alternate names include FEXPMAP and FEXPMAP2D.
		farf		sherpa		A 1-D file-based ancillary response model.
		fclose		slangrtl		Close a file
		fdopen		slangrtl		Convert a FD_Type file descriptor to a stdio File_Type object
		feffile		sherpa		Specifies the Fits Embedded Function (FEF) file whose contents will be displayed with FEFPLOT.
		fefplot		sherpa		Plots an instrument response stored in a Fits Embedded Function (FEF) file that is read in via FEFFILE.
		feof		slangrtl		Get the end-of-file status
		ferror		slangrtl		Determine the error status of an open file descriptor
		fflush		slangrtl		Flush an output stream
		fgetslines		slangrtl		Read all the lines from an open file
		fgets		slangrtl		Read a line from a file.
		fileno		slangrtl		Convert a stdio File_Type object to a FD_Type descriptor
		filtwin		gui		GUI to perform interactive filtering of data
		firstlook		gui		GUI to allow an efficient means of accessing Chandra data products
		fits_bitpix		varmm		Converts S-Lang variables and data types to FITS BITPIX values.
		fit		sherpa		Initiates fitting (optimization). The command [B]RUN is equivalent.
		flux		sherpa		Calculates the unconvolved photon flux for source or background datasets.
		font		chips		Changes the default global font.
		fopen		slangrtl		Open a file
		fprintf		slangrtl		Create and write a formatted string to a file
		fpsf1d		sherpa		A 1-D file-based PSF instrument model.
		fpsf		sherpa		A 2-D file-based PSF instrument model.
		fputs		slangrtl		Write a string to an open stream
		fread		slangrtl		Read binary data from a file
		freeze		sherpa		Prohibits model parameter(s) from varying.
		frmf		sherpa		A 1-D file-based response matrix model.
		fseek		slangrtl		Reposition a stream
		ftell		slangrtl		Obtain the current position in an open stream
		ftest		sherpa		Computes significance using the F test.
		fullgarf		tools		Create a grating arf for a particular order and grating for a given observation.
		fwrite		slangrtl		Write binary data to a file

G		gauss1d		sherpa		1-D unnormalized Gaussian function. Integration ON.
		gauss2d		sherpa		2-D unnormalized Gaussian function. Integration OFF.
		getcwd		slangrtl		Get the current working directory
		getegid		slangrtl		Get the effective group id
		getenv		slangrtl		Get the value of an environment variable
		geteuid		slangrtl		Get the effective user-id of the current process
		getgid		slangrtl		Get the group id
		getpid		slangrtl		Get the current process id
		getppid		slangrtl		Get the parent process id
		getuid		slangrtl		Get the user-id of the current process
		getx		sherpa		Assigns x-axis values taken from a plot to model parameters.
		gety		sherpa		Assigns y-axis values taken from a plot to model parameters.
		get_analysis		sherpa		Module function to retrieve the current analysis setting.
		get_arf_axes		sherpa		Module functions to retrieve the energy/wavelength grid of an ARF associated with source and background data
		get_axes		sherpa		Module functions to get the energy/wavelength/channel grid of source and background datasets.
		get_coord		sherpa		Module function to retrieve the current coordinate setting for 2-D image data.
		get_data		sherpa		Module functions to get the amplitudes of source and background datasets.
		get_dcounts_sum		sherpa		Calculates the sum of observed counts in source and background datasets using module functions in Sherpa.
		get_defined_models		sherpa		Module functions that return lists of defined Sherpa source and instrument models
		get_dir		sherpa		Module function to retrieve the current path.
		get_doc_string_from_file		slangrtl		Read documentation from a file
		get_eflux		sherpa		Calculate the energy flux (unconvolved) for source or background datasets using module functions in Sherpa.
		get_energy_axes		sherpa		Module functions to retrieve the energy grids of source and background datasets.
		get_eqwidth		sherpa		Module functions that compute the equivalent width of an emission or absorption line in source or background data.
		get_errors		sherpa		Module functions to get the error estimates of source and background datasets.
		get_filename		sherpa		Module functions to retrieve filenames associated with a dataset.
		get_filter_expr		sherpa		Module function to retrieve the strings describing filters applied to source and background datasets.
		get_filter		sherpa		Module functions to get the filter arrays associated with source and background datasets.
		get_fit		sherpa		Module functions to get information about the quality of a fit.
		get_flux2d		sherpa		Module functions for computing fluxes/summing counts in 2-D images.
		get_fluxed_spectrum		sherpa		Retrieve a fluxed spectrum (counts divided by ARF) using module functions in Sherpa.
		get_flux_str		sherpa		Retrieves a default structure for use with get_pflux(), etc.
		get_ftest		sherpa		Module function that returns the statistical significance computed with the F test
		get_groups		sherpa		Module functions for retrieving a grouping or quality array from source and background files.
		get_import_module_path		slangrtl		Get the search path for dynamically loadable objects
		get_lfactorial		sherpa		Module function to compute the natural logarithm of the factorial of the input quantity
		get_mcounts_sum		sherpa		Module functions for computing the sum of convolved model counts in source and background datasets.
		get_metadata		sherpa		Module functions to retrieve metadata associated with source and background datasets.
		get_method_expr		sherpa		Module function to retrieve the name of the current optimization method.
		get_models		sherpa		Module functions that return lists of available source and instrument models
		get_model_params		sherpa		Access to the default model and instrument parameters of Sherpa from S-Lang.
		get_num_par		sherpa		Module functions that report the total number of parameters for all defined models, including instrument models
		get_paramestint		sherpa		Module functions to retrieve the value and statistic arrays from the most recent run of a parameter estimation method
		get_paramestlim		sherpa		Module functions to determine confidence intervals, and retrieve the parameter bounds.
		get_paramestreg		sherpa		Module functions to retrieve the value and statistic arrays from the most recent run of a parameter estimation method
		get_paramest		sherpa		Module functions to retrieve the output of parameter estimation methods.
		get_par		sherpa		Module function for getting model parameter values, etc.
		get_pflux		sherpa		get_flux(), get_pflux(), and get_bpflux() calculate the photon flux (unconvolved) for source and background datasets using the module functions in Sherpa.
		get_photon_axes		sherpa		Module functions to retrieve photon-space grids over which models are evaluated.
		get_photon_energy_axes		sherpa		Module functions to retrieve photon-space energy grids over which models are evaluated.
		get_photon_wave_axes		sherpa		Module functions to retrieve photon-space wavelength grids over which models are evaluated.
		get_qvalue		sherpa		Module function that returns the statistical significance computed as a q-value.
		get_raw_axes		sherpa		Module functions to retrieve the raw channel number grids of source and background datasets.
		get_record		sherpa		Module function to return a record of model parameter values at the end of each iteration of the fitting process.
		get_sky_limits		tools		Find the region covered by an image in sky coordinates
		get_slang_load_path		slangrtl		Get the value of the interpreter's load-path
		get_source_components		sherpa		Return, as an array, the names of the model components in the source expression of a dataset.
		get_source		sherpa		Module functions to retrieve predicted source and background model photon amplitudes.
		get_src_region		tools		Outputs regions that have counts higher than background
		get_stackexpr		sherpa		Module functions to retrieve a model stack expression.
		get_statistic		sherpa		Module functions to get the current value of the statistic comparing source and background data and model values.
		get_stats		sherpa		Module functions to retrieve predicted model counts, statistics, residuals, sigma residuals, and ratios from source and background datasets.
		get_stat_expr		sherpa		Module function to retrieve the name of the current statistic.
		get_struct_field_names		slangrtl		Retrieve the field names associated with a structure
	get_struct_field		slangrtl		Get the value associated with a structure field
	get_syserrors		sherpa		Module functions to get the systematic error estimates of source and background datasets.
	get_verbose		sherpa		Module function to display Sherpa's current verbosity setting.
	get_wave_axes		sherpa		Module functions to retrieve the wavelength grids of source and background datasets.
	get_weights		sherpa		Module functions to get the statistical weights of source and background datasets.
	get		sherpa		Summary of Sherpa/S-Lang module functions that retrieve settings or data.
	gmtime		slangrtl		Break down a time in seconds to GMT timezone
	goodness		sherpa		Reports information on the goodness-of-fit.
	grid-powell		sherpa		A grid search utilizing the Powell method at each grid point.
	gridmodel		sherpa		N-D user-specified amplitude model. Integration OFF.
	grids		chips		Adds grid lines to a drawing area and/or changes grid attributes.
	grid		sherpa		A grid search of parameter space, with no minimization.
	groupByCounts		sherpa		Group a dataset by number of counts or signal-to-noise within Sherpa.
	group		modules		The S-Lang interface to the CXC grouping library
	group		sherpa		Causes Sherpa to apply a read-in bin grouping scheme to source or background data.
	grpAdaptiveSnr		group		Adaptively group an array by signal to noise.
	grpAdaptive		group		Group an array by the number of counts per group using an adaptive scheme.
	grpBinFile		group		Group an array using the grouping applied to another dataset.
	grpBinWidth		group		Group an array into a set of equal-width groups (by group width).
	grpBin		group		Group an array using low and high boundaries.
	grpGetChansPerGroup		group		Calculate the number of channels (elements) in each group.
	grpGetGroupSum		group		Apply the supplied grouping to an array.
	grpGetGrpNum		group		Calculate the group number for each element in the array.
	grpMaxSlope		group		Group an array so that its absolute gradient is above a user-defined limit.
	grpMinSlope		group		Group an array so that its absolute gradient is below a user-defined limit.
	grpNumBins		group		Group an array into a set of equal-width groups (by number of groups).
	grpNumCounts		group		Group an array by the number of counts per group.
	grpSnr		group		Group an array by signal to noise.
	guess		sherpa		Estimates initial parameter values and ranges, based on input data.
	guide		chandra		Grating User Interactive Data Extension (GUIDE)
	gui		gui		Graphical User Interface (GUI)

H		hrc_build_badpix		tools		Create observation-specific bad pixel file for HRC
		hrc_dtfstats		tools		Calculate statistics from hrc_calc_dead_time and a GTI
		hrc_process_events		tools		Correct HRC event positions, times, PHA, etc.
		hubble		sherpa		Hubble-Reynolds profile. Integration OFF. The REYNOLDS model is equivalent.

I		identify		guide		List emission lines near given wavelength.
		ignore		sherpa		Specifies a data portion to be excluded, for 1- or 2-D data.
		image		sherpa		Causes the specified 2-D data to be displayed, via ds9.
		Imag		slangrtl		Compute the imaginary part of a number
		implements		slangrtl		Name a private namespace
		import		slangrtl		Dynamically link to a specified module
		info		chips		Prints summary information about the current plotting objects.
		init_char_array		slangrtl		Initialize an array of characters
		instrument		sherpa		Defines an expression to be used for modeling the instrument in source or background data analysis. The command RESPONSE is equivalent.
		integer		slangrtl		Convert a string to an integer
		integrate		sherpa		Controls the integration of model components.
		interval-projection		sherpa		Plots the fit statistic as a function of parameter value, using the PROJECTION algorithm. The commands INT-PROJ and INTPROJ are abbreviated equivalents.
		interval-uncertainty		sherpa		Plots the fit statistic as a function of parameter value, using the UNCERTAINTY algorithm. The commands INT-UNC and INTUNC are abbreviated equivalents.
		int		slangrtl		Typecast an object to an integer
		ionbal		guide		Calculate collisional ionization equilibrium ion balance.
		isatty		slangrtl		Determine if an open file descriptor refers to a terminal
		isdigit		slangrtl		Tests for a decimal digit character
		isis		chandra		Interactive Spectral Interpretation System (ISIS)
		is_defined		slangrtl		Indicate whether a variable or function defined.
		is_list_element		slangrtl		Test whether a delimited string contains a specific element
		is_paramset		sherpa		Module functions to determine if whether the specified parameter(s) are thawed or frozen.
		is_struct_defined		varmm		S-Lang function to see if a structure or field in a structure is defined
		is_struct_type		slangrtl		Determine whether or not an object is a structure
		is_substr		slangrtl		Test for a specified substring within a string.
		is_subtracted		sherpa		Module function to determine if whether the specified dataset is background-subtracted.
		is		sherpa		Summary of Sherpa/S-Lang module query functions.

J		jdpileup		sherpa		A CCD pileup model developed by John Davis of MIT.
		jointmode		sherpa		Joint-mode models define the function argument, on which a model expression is evaluated, to be a particular data axis.
		journal		sherpa		Turns on/off the writing of all commands to a file.

K		kernel		sherpa		Defines an expression to be used as a kernel in 1D source model convolution.
K		kill		slangrtl		Send a signal to a process

L		label		chips		Adds a label to a drawing area and/or changes label attributes.
		lc_clean		tools		lc_clean.sl - Clean a lightcurve to match the ACIS "blank-sky" datasets
		length		slangrtl		Get the length of an object
		levels		chips		Sets the contour levels in a contour plot.
		level		chandra		Describes the amount of processing performed to create a given product.
		levenberg-marquardt		sherpa		The Levenberg-Marquardt optimization method.
		lightcurve		tools		Bin source and background events by specified time intervals
		limits		chips		Sets the ranges to be displayed in the axes.
		linear		chips		Changes one or more axes to linear scale.
		linebroad		sherpa		Line broadening profile. Integration ON.
		lineid		sherpa		Sets a user-defined line identification (or general model description) for the model in the MDL output.
		line		chips		Adds a line to a drawing area and/or changes line attributes.
		linkparam		sherpa		Parameter expressions are used to link model component parameters:
		listdir		slangrtl		Get a list of the files in a directory
		list_paramest		sherpa		Module functions listing the current and default values of the parameters used to configure each Sherpa parameter estimation method.
		list_par		sherpa		Module function that lists information about all defined model parameters.
		list		chips		Lists the contents of datafiles using the CIAO tool dmlist.
		list		sherpa		Summary of Sherpa/S-Lang module list functions.
		ln		chips		Defines the current line.
		load_arf		sherpa		Module function to load data from an ARF file into Sherpa
		load_ascii		sherpa		Module function to load ASCII data into Sherpa
		load_backset		sherpa		Module function to load background data into Sherpa
		load_back_from		sherpa		Module function to load background from a PHA file into Sherpa
		load_dataset		sherpa		Module function to load data into Sherpa
		load_fitsbin		sherpa		Module functions to load source and background data from a FITS binary table into Sherpa
		load_image		sherpa		Module functions to load source and background data from a FITS image into Sherpa
		load_inst_from		sherpa		Module function to load data from ARF and RMF files into Sherpa source or background instrument models.
		load_inst		sherpa		Module function to load data from ARF and RMF files into Sherpa. load_instrument is an alternate name.
		load_pha2		sherpa		Module function to load source data from PHA Type II files into Sherpa
		load_pha		sherpa		Module function to load source and background data from PHA Type I files into Sherpa
		load_rmf		sherpa		Module function to load data from an RMF file into Sherpa
		load		sherpa		Summary of Sherpa/S-Lang module functions that load data into Sherpa
		localtime		slangrtl		Break down a time in seconds to local timezone
		location		chips		Specifies the location for an existing drawing area.
		log10		slangrtl		Compute the base-10 logarithm of an number
		log		chips		Changes one or more axes to logarithmic scale.
		log		slangrtl		Compute the logarithm of an number
		lorentz1d		sherpa		1-D normalized Lorentzian function. Integration ON.
		lorentz2d		sherpa		2-D unnormalized Lorentzian function. Integration OFF.
		lplot		sherpa		Causes the specified 1-D data to be displayed, via ChIPS.
		lseek		slangrtl		Reposition a file descriptor's file pointer
		lstat_file		slangrtl		Get information about a symbolic link
		l		chips		Defines the current label.

M		make_printable_string		slangrtl		Format a string suitable for parsing
		math		slang		Mathematical operations in S-Lang.
		max		slangrtl		Get the maximum value of an array
		mcounts		sherpa		Calculates the sum of convolved model amplitudes for source or background datasets.
		mdl2latex		guide		Output latex table of fitted emission lines and fluxes.
		mdl		sherpa		A Model Descriptor List (MDL) file stores a collection of datasets and model(s) in a structured format that can be read or written by Sherpa.
		merge_all		tools		Combine any number of observations. If desired, create corresponding exposure maps and exposure-corrected images.
		merging_rules		concept		A description of the merging rules used when combining header information.
		message		slangrtl		Print a string onto the message device
		method		sherpa		Specifies the optimization method. The command SEARCHMETHOD is equivalent.
		min		slangrtl		Get the minimum value of an array
		mkacisrmf		tools		Generate an RMF for Chandra imaging data
		mkarf		tools		Generate an ARF for Chandra imaging data (and grating 0-th order)
		mkbgreg		tools		Creates a stack of background regions for a given source list
		mkdir		slangrtl		Create a new directory
		mkexpmap		tools		Generate a Chandra imaging exposure map (effective area vs. sky position)
		mkfifo		slangrtl		Create a named pipe
		mkgarf		tools		Generate a Chandra Grating ARF for one detector element.
		mkgrmf		tools		Generate an RMF for Chandra grating data
		mkinstmap		tools		Generate a Chandra instrument map (effective area vs. detector position)
		mkoif		tools		Create an OIF (observation index file) for a dataset
		mkpsf		tools		Extract a point spread function (PSF) from the PSF library.
		mkrmf		tools		Generate an RMF for Chandra imaging data
		mksubbgreg		tools		Subtracts source regions from background regions
		mkwarf		tools		Generate a weighted ARF for Chandra ACIS data
		mlr		sherpa		Computes significance using the Maximum Likelihood Ratio test.
		modelexpr		sherpa		Model components can be used to create model expressions, in conjunction with the SOURCE and BACKGROUND commands (which then are used to fit the data), or with model stacks:
		modelstack		sherpa		A model stack assigns an arbitrary name to a model expression, for subsequent use in parameter expressions and/or nested models.
		models		sherpa		Summary of Available Models
		monitor_photom		tools		Generate a photometric lightcurve from ACA monitor data
		monte-lm		sherpa		A Monte Carlo search utilizing the Powell method at each selected point.
		monte-powell		sherpa		A Monte Carlo search utilizing the Powell method at each selected point.
		montecarlo		sherpa		A Monte Carlo search of parameter space.
		mtl_build_gti		tools		Create Good Time Interval from Mission Time Line and limits
		mtl		chandra		A description of the Mission Time Line (MTL)
		mul2		slangrtl		Multiply a number by 2

N		nbeta		sherpa		1-D normalized beta function. Integration ON.
		nestedmodel		sherpa		Nested models define the function argument on which a model expression is evaluated to be another model expression. A nested model, <nested_model>, appears as an element of a model expression, <modelExpr>.
		ngauss1d		sherpa		1-D normalized Gaussian function. Integration ON.
		noise		sherpa		Defines an expression to be used for modeling detector noise in source and background datasets.
		notice		sherpa		Specifies a data portion to be included, for 1- or 2-D data.
		numbersign		sherpa		Denotes a comment. The symbol % also denotes a comment.

O		obsvis		proposaltools		Observation Visualizer
		open		sherpa		Opens the image display window.
		open		slangrtl		Open a file
		oplot		sherpa		Causes multiple data curves to be displayed in the same drawing area, via ChIPS.
		overview		slang		Overview of the S-Lang programing language

P		paccess		paramio		Returns the path to the specified parameter file.
		paccess		tools		Gives the location of a tool's parameter file
		pack		chips		Renumbers plotting objects after a delete operation.
		pack		slangrtl		Pack objects into a binary string
		pad_pack_format		slangrtl		Add padding to a pack format
		pagesize		chips		Sets the page dimensions for hardcopy plots.
		paramclose		paramio		Close a parameter file opened by paramopen.
		paramest		sherpa		An interactive interface to the parameter estimation routines in Sherpa.
		parameter		concept		Describes the parameter interface used by CIAO.
		paramio		modules		The S-Lang interface to the CXC parameter system
		paramopen		paramio		Open a parameter file.
		paramprompt		sherpa		Turns on/off prompting for model parameter values.
		paramset		sherpa		The model components that have been established in the current Sherpa session, and their parameter information, may be listed with the command SHOW MODELS. Values for these established model component parameters may be set individually using one of the following command syntax options:
		path_basename		slangrtl		Get the basename part of a pathname
		path_concat		slangrtl		Combine elements of a pathname
		path_dirname		slangrtl		Get the directory name part of a pathname
		path_extname		slangrtl		Return the extension part of a pathname
		path_get_delimiter		slangrtl		Get the value of a search-path delimiter
		path_is_absolute		slangrtl		Determine whether or not a pathname is absolute
		path_sans_extname		slangrtl		Strip the extension from a pathname
		pclose		slangrtl		Close an object opened with popen
		pdump		tools		Dumps the values of the parameters, with one parameter per line.
		peg		gui		Parameter Editor Gui (for CXCDS parameter interface)
		pgets		paramio		Read/write individual parameter values from S-Lang.
		pget		paramio		Get a parameter value within S-Lang.
		pget		tools		Get parameter values
		pickpoints		chips		Starts the interactive cursor mode, which reads out the cursor position.
		pileup		chandra		An overview of pileup in the Chandra ACIS detector.
		pileup		sherpa		Defines the pileup model expression to be used for fitting a 1D dataset.
		pimms		proposaltools		PIMMS (Portable, Interactive Multi-Mission Simulator) converts source fluxes and count rates between missions.
		pixlib		modules		The S-Lang interface to the CXC pixlib library
		pix_apply_aspect		pixlib		Convert from FPC to Sky tangent coordinates by applying an aspect solution.
		pix_chip_to_fpc		pixlib		Convert from the Chip to Focal Plane coordinate (FPC) system.
		pix_chip_to_gdp		pixlib		Convert from the Chip to Grating Dispersion Plane (GDP) coordinate system.
		pix_chip_to_tdet		pixlib		Convert from the Chip to Tiled Detector (TDET) coordinate system.
		pix_close_pixlib		pixlib		Convert between different Chandra coordinate systems in S-Lang
		pix_deapply_aspect		pixlib		Convert from Sky tangent coordinates to FPC by reversing the aspect solution.
		pix_disp_config		pixlib		Display the current settings of the pixlib module.
		pix_dmTanPixToWorld		pixlib		Convert from FPC to World (celestial) coordinates by applying an aspect solution.
		pix_dmTanWorldToPix		pixlib		Convert from World (celestial) to FPC coordinates by applying an aspect solution.
		pix_fpc_to_chip		pixlib		Convert from the Focal Plane (FPC) to Chip coordinate system.
		pix_fpc_to_gdp		pixlib		Convert from the Focal Plane (FPC) to Grating Dispersion Plane (GDP) coordinate system.
		pix_fpc_to_msc		pixlib		Convert from the Focal Plane (FPC) to Mirror Spherical (MSC) coordinate system.
		pix_gac_to_gdp		pixlib		Convert from the Grating diffracted Angular coordinates (GAC) to Grating Dispersion Plane (GDP) coordinate system.
		pix_gdp_to_gac		pixlib		Convert from the Grating Dispersion Plane (GDP) to Grating diffracted Angular coordinates (GAC) system.
		pix_get_energy		pixlib		Return the photon energy corresponding to a given grating dispersion (GAC) value.
		pix_get_flength		pixlib		Return the value of the telescope focal length used by the pixlib module.
		pix_get_grating_angle		pixlib		Return the grating angle of the currently-selected grating arm.
		pix_get_grating_period		pixlib		Return the grating period of the currently-selected grating arm.
		pix_get_grating_wavelength		pixlib		Return the photon wavelength corresponding to a given grating dispersion (GAC) value.
		pix_get_rowland		pixlib		Return the value of the Rowland Circle diameter used by the pixlib module.
		pix_init_pixlib		pixlib		Initialize the pixlib library.
		pix_set_aimpoint		pixlib		Set the aim point to be used by the pixlib module.
		pix_set_detector		pixlib		Set the detector to use in the pixlib routines.
		pix_set_fpsys		pixlib		Set the focal plane system for the pixlib module.
		pix_set_gdpsys		pixlib		Set the grating dispersion plane (GDP) system for the pixlib module.
		pix_set_grating		pixlib		Set the grating arm and order to use in the pixlib module.
		pix_set_gzo		pixlib		Set the grating zero-order position for the pixlib module.
		pix_set_simoffset		pixlib		Set the stage position for the pixlib module.
		pix_set_tdetsys		pixlib		Set the tiled detector plane system for the pixlib module.
		pix_tdet_to_chip		pixlib		Convert from the Tiled Detector (TDET) to Chip coordinate system.
		pline		tools		Display the parameter values, with all parameters on a single line
		plist_names		paramio		List parameter names for a single tool from S-Lang.
		plist		tools		List the contents of a parameter file.
	plotx		sherpa		[REMOVED AS OF CIAO 3.0.2] Sets the unit type for the x-axis of a plot.
	ploty		sherpa		Sets the unit type for the y-axis of a plot.
	plot_eprof		sherpa		Display a radial profile (elliptical annuli) of 2D data, fit, and residuals.
	plot_rprof		sherpa		Display a radial profile (circular annuli) of 2D data, fit, and residuals.
	poisson		sherpa		Poisson function. Integration OFF.
	polynom1d		sherpa		1-D polynomial function. Integration ON.
	polynom2d		sherpa		2-D polynomial function. Integration ON.
	polynom		slangrtl		Evaluate a polynomial
	popen		slangrtl		Open a process
	pop		slangrtl		Discard an item from the stack
	powell		sherpa		The Powell optimization method.
	powlaw1d		sherpa		1-D power law. Integration ON.
	pquery		paramio		Query a parameter value from S-Lang.
	pquery		tools		Query whether a parameter exists and, if so, get and return its value.
	precess		proposaltools		Interactive astronomical coordinate conversion program that provides precession of equatorial coordinates and conversion between equatorial, ecliptic, galactic, and supergalactic coordinates
	prepend_to_slang_load_path		slangrtl		Prepend a directory to the load-path
	printf		slangrtl		Create and write a formatted string to stdout
	print		chips		Creates a hardcopy of the current plot.
	print		varmm		S-Lang functions to print variables, arrays and structures
	prism		gui		Format-independent file browsing GUI
	projection		sherpa		Estimates confidence intervals for selected thawed parameters.
	prompt		sherpa		Changes the Sherpa prompt.
	prop-coords		proposaltools		Defines available coordinate systems for Chandra Proposal Tools
	prop-time		proposaltools		Defines available calendars and timescales for Chandra Proposal Tools
	prop-tools		proposaltools		Tools that aid in the preparation and submission of Chandra proposals
	provide		slangrtl		Declare that a specified feature is available
	pset		paramio		Set a parameter value within S-Lang.
	pset		tools		Set parameter values on the command line
	psextract		tools		Extract source and background ACIS spectra for point-like sources and build associated ARFs and RMFs.
	psf_project_ray		tools		Project rays generated by ChaRT onto a semi-infinite detector plane.
	ptsrc1d		sherpa		A 1-D file-based point-source fitting model.
	ptsrc2d		sherpa		A 2-D file-based point-source fitting model.
	punlearn		paramio		Restore the system defaults for a parameter file from S-Lang.
	punlearn		tools		Restore system default parameter values
	putenv		slangrtl		Add or change an environment variable

Q		quizcaldb		tools		Find calibration files in the CALDB

R		readarf		varmm		S-Lang function to read an Ancillary Response File (ARF)
		readascii		varmm		S-Lang function to read in an ASCII data file.
		readbintab		varmm		S-Lang function to read a FITS binary table.
		readfile		varmm		S-Lang functions to read a data file into a S-Lang variable.
		readimage		varmm		S-Lang function to read a FITS image.
		readlink		slangrtl		Get the value of a symbolic link
		readpha		varmm		S-Lang function to read a spectrum in PHA format (both type I and II)
		readrdb		varmm		S-Lang function to read a file in RDB format.
		readrmf		varmm		S-Lang function to read a Redistribution Matrix File (RMF)
		read		sherpa		Inputs the contents of one or more files.
		read		slangrtl		Read from an open file descriptor
		Real		slangrtl		Compute the real part of a number
		record		sherpa		Controls output of parameters values and statistics to an ASCII file.
		redo		chips		Redoes the most recently undone plotting command.
		redraw		chips		Redraws the plot or sets the redraw mode
		regArea		region		Calculate the area enclosed by a region.
		regExtent		region		Calculate the bounding box of a region.
		regInsideRegion		region		Is a point (or set of points) inside a region?
		region-projection		sherpa		Creates a contour plot of confidence regions using the PROJECTION algorithm. The commands REG-PROJ and REGPROJ are abbreviated equivalents.
		region-uncertainty		sherpa		Creates a contour plot of confidence regions using the UNCERTAINTY algorithm. The commands REG-UNC and REGUNC are abbreviated equivalents.
		regions		tools		regions.sl - Display the FEF regions covered by a source
		region		modules		The S-Lang interface to the CXC region library
		regParse		region		Parse a region for use by the routines in the region library
		regPrintRegion		region		Print out details about a region.
		regRegionString		region		Print out details about a region.
		relativesize		chips		Alters the relative size of drawing areas. The command RELSIZE is equivalent.
		remove		slangrtl		Delete a file
		rename		sherpa		Changes the name that has been given to a model component by the user.
		rename		slangrtl		Rename a file
		reproject_aspect		tools		Modify aspect solution file RA, Dec, and roll or updfile WCS to minimize position differences between two source lists.
		reproject_events		tools		Regrid an event file (or stack) to a common tangent point
		reproject_image_grid		tools		Projects image from one WCS to another
		reproject_image		tools		Projects image from one WCS to another
		require		slangrtl		Make sure a feature is present, and load it if not
		reset		sherpa		Restores settings and/or parameter values.
		reshape		slangrtl		Reshape an array
		restore_paramest		sherpa		Module functions to restore the default values of the parameters used to configure each Sherpa parameter estimation method.
		restore		chips		Restores a plot with all attributes.
		reverse		varmm		S-Lang function to reverse a 1D array
		rmdir		slangrtl		Remove a directory
		rmfimg		tools		Create a simple image of an RMF or ARF file
		rsp2d		sherpa		A 2-D instrument model utilizing an exposure map and point-spread function.
		rsp		sherpa		A 1-D instrument model.
		run_fit		sherpa		Module function to fit datasets, and retrieve information about the final fit.
		run_paramestint		sherpa		Module functions to display statistics as a function of parameter value, and to retrieve the value and statistic arrays
		run_paramestlim		sherpa		Module functions to determine confidence intervals, and retrieve the parameter bounds.
		run_paramestreg		sherpa		Module functions to display contours of statistics as a function of parameter values, and to retrieve arrays of values and statistics
		run_paramest		sherpa		Module functions to run parameter estimation routines and retrieve information.
		run		sherpa		Summary of Sherpa/S-Lang module run functions.

S		save_state		sherpa		The save_state() function
		save		sherpa		Saves information to an ASCII file.
		schechter		sherpa		Schechter function. Integration OFF.
		session		concept		A session is a conceptual notion of how various CIAO applications interact with each other to form an integrated data analysis environment.
		setback		sherpa		Sets attributes of a background dataset.
		setdata		sherpa		Sets attributes of a source dataset.
		setgid		slangrtl		Set the group-id of the current process
		setpgid		slangrtl		Set the process group-id
		setplot		sherpa		An alternative interface to the Sherpa plot customisation variables
		setuid		slangrtl		Set the user-id of the current process
		set_analysis		sherpa		Module function to set the units for 1-D spectral analysis.
		set_axes		sherpa		Module functions for creating new source or background dataspaces.
		set_backscale		sherpa		Module functions for setting source and background extraction region areas.
		set_coord		sherpa		Module function to set the coordinate system for 2-D image analysis.
		set_dataspace		sherpa		An alternative form of DATASPACE and set_axes().
		set_data		sherpa		Set source and background data using the S-lang module function in Sherpa.
		set_dir		sherpa		Module function to change directories.
		set_erroff		sherpa		Switch off the drawing of error bars in Sherpa plots
		set_erron		sherpa		Switch on the drawing of error bars in Sherpa plots
		set_errors		sherpa		Module functions for assigning source and background error estimates.
		set_exptime		sherpa		Module functions for setting source and background exposure times.
		set_filter		sherpa		Module functions for assigning source and background filters from an array.
		set_float_format		slangrtl		Set the format for printing floating point values.
		set_groups		sherpa		Module functions for grouping and setting quality to source and background files from an array.
		set_ignore2d		sherpa		Module functions for ignoring source and background regions in 2-D datasets.
		set_ignore_all		sherpa		Module functions for ignoring all source and background data.
		set_ignore_bad		sherpa		Module functions for ignoring bad (quality > 0) channels.
		set_ignore		sherpa		Module functions for ignoring source and background filter ranges in 1-D datasets.
		set_import_module_path		slangrtl		Set the search path for dynamically loadable objects
		set_lin		sherpa		Switch plotting axis to linear scale in Sherpa plots
		set_log		sherpa		Switch axis to log in Sherpa plots
		set_notice2d		sherpa		Module functions for noticing source and background regions in 2-D datasets.
		set_notice_all		sherpa		Module functions for noticing all source and background data.
		set_notice		sherpa		Module functions for noticing source and background filter ranges in 1-D datasets.
		set_paramset		sherpa		Module functions to thaw or freeze the specified parameter(s).
		set_par		sherpa		Module function for setting model parameter values, etc.
		set_slang_load_path		slangrtl		Set the value of the interpreter's load-path
		set_stackexpr		sherpa		Module functions to set a model stack expression.
		set_state_defaults		varmm		Restore the default values of state (configuration) variables
		set_state		varmm		Set multiple fields of a state (configuration) variable
		set_struct_fields		slangrtl		Set the fields of a structure
		set_struct_field		slangrtl		Set the value associated with a structure field
		set_subtract		sherpa		Module functions to subtract background from a source dataset, or to undo subtraction.
		set_syserrors		sherpa		Module functions for assigning source and background systematic error estimates.
		set_verbose		sherpa		Module function to reset Sherpa's verbosity.
		set_weights		sherpa		Module functions for assigning source and background statistical weights.
		set		sherpa		Summary of Sherpa/S-Lang module functions that change settings or data.
		sherpa-module		sherpa		Accessing data with the Sherpa/S-Lang module functions.
		sherpa-plot-hooks		sherpa		Customizing Sherpa plots using the prefunc and postfunc fields of Sherpa State Objects
		sherpa.cov		sherpa		Configure COVARIANCE in Sherpa.
		sherpa.dataplot		sherpa		Configure appearance of Sherpa plots.
		sherpa.fitplot		sherpa		Configure appearance of Sherpa plots.
		sherpa.intproj		sherpa		Configure INTERVAL-PROJECTION in Sherpa.
		sherpa.intunc		sherpa		Configure INTERVAL-UNCERTAINTY in Sherpa.
		sherpa.multiplot		sherpa		Configure appearance of Sherpa plots.
		sherpa.output		sherpa		A Description of the sherpa.output State Object
		sherpa.plot		sherpa		Configure appearance of Sherpa plots.
		sherpa.proj		sherpa		Configure PROJECTION in Sherpa.
		sherpa.regproj		sherpa		Configure REGION-PROJECTION in Sherpa.
		sherpa.regunc		sherpa		Configure REGION-UNCERTAINTY in Sherpa.
		sherpa.resplot		sherpa		Configure appearance of Sherpa plots.
		sherpa.unc		sherpa		Configure UNCERTAINTY in Sherpa.
		sherpa_eval		sherpa		Call Sherpa commands from S-Lang
		sherpa_plotfns		sherpa		Plot-related functions for Sherpa.
	sherpa_utils		sherpa		Provides a number of S-Lang functions useful for Sherpa.
	sherpa		sherpa		Command summary of Sherpa, CIAO's modeling and fitting engine.
	shexp10		sherpa		Exponential function, base 10. Integration OFF.
	shexp		sherpa		Exponential function. Integration OFF.
	shift		slangrtl		Shift the elements of a 1-d array
	shlog10		sherpa		Logarithm function, base 10. Integration OFF.
	shloge		sherpa		Natural logarithm function. Integration OFF.
	show_tgain_corr		tools		Display the time-dependent gain correction for a given chip location.
	show_wgt		tools		show_wgt.sl - Examine the weights file created by mkwarf
	show		sherpa		Reports current status.
	sigma-rejection		sherpa		The SIGMA-REJECTION optimization method for fits to 1-D data. Alternate names are SIG-REJ and SR.
	sign		slangrtl		Compute the sign of a number
	simplex		sherpa		A simplex optimization method.
	simspec		sherpa		Create and fit a simulated PHA spectrum.
	simul-ann-1		sherpa		A simulated annealing search, with one parameter varied at each step.
	simul-ann-2		sherpa		A simulated annealing search, with all parameters varied at each step.
	simul-pow-1		sherpa		A combination of SIMUL-ANN-1 with POWELL.
	simul-pow-2		sherpa		A combination of SIMUL-ANN-2 with POWELL.
	sinh		slangrtl		Compute the hyperbolic sine of an number
	sin		sherpa		Sine function. Integration OFF.
	sin		slangrtl		Compute the sine of an number
	sizeof_pack		slangrtl		Compute the size implied by a pack format string
	skip		chips		Skips the designated number of lines from subsequent input files.
	skyfov		tools		Make a field-of-view region in sky coordinates
	slangrtl		slangrtl		S-Lang Run Time Library
	slang		slang		The S-Lang programing language
	sleep		slangrtl		Pause for a specified number of seconds
	slsh		slang		Evaluate and run S-Lang code.
	slxpa_errno		xpa		This variable stores the error status for the XPA commands.
	source		sherpa		Defines the source model expression to be used for fitting a dataset. The command SRC is an abbreviated equivalent.
	specextract		tools		Extract source and background ACIS spectra for point-like and extended sources and build associated WMAPs, ARFs and RMFs.
	spectrum		tools		spectrum.sl - Calculate spectral weights for creating an instrument map
	split		chips		Creates multiple drawing areas and/or arranges their locations.
	splot		sherpa		Causes the specified 2-D data to be displayed, with a surface plot, via ChIPS.
	sprintf		slangrtl		Format objects into a string
	sqrt		sherpa		Square root function. Integration OFF.
	sqrt		slangrtl		Compute the square root of an number
	sqr		slangrtl		Compute the square of a number
	sscanf		slangrtl		Parse a formatted string
	sso_freeze		tools		Reproject sky x and y coordinates into a Solar System Object centered reference frame.
	sstats		tools		sstats.sl- Calculate statistics of images
	stackio		modules		The S-Lang interface to the CXC stack library
	stack		concept		How to set a parameter to more than one value using a stack.
	staterrors		sherpa		Defines an expression or file to be used to specify the statistical errors for source data.
	statistic		sherpa		Specifies the fitting statistic.
	stat_file		slangrtl		Get information about a file
	stat_is		slangrtl		Parse the st_mode field of a stat structure
	stephi1d		sherpa		1-D step function. Integration OFF. The command HIGHPASS is equivalent.
	steplo1d		sherpa		1-D step function. Integration OFF. The command LOWPASS is equivalent.
	stk_append		stackio		Add an item (or items) to a stack.
	stk_build		stackio		Build a stack from text input (file name or regular expression).
	stk_build		tools		stk_build is used to build a stack from a user-defined string. The output is to stdout, stderr, or a file.
	stk_change_current		stackio		Change the current element of a stack.
	stk_change_num		stackio		Change the given element of a stack.
	stk_close		stackio		Close a stack.
	stk_count		stackio		Returns the number of elements in a stack.
	stk_count		tools		stk_count is used to count the number of items in a stack. The output is to the stk_count parameter file.
	stk_current		stackio		Returns the current position of the stack.
	stk_delete_current		stackio		Deletes the current element from the stack.
	stk_delete_num		stackio		Deletes the specified element from the stack.
	stk_disp		stackio		Display the contents of a stack.
	stk_expand_n		stackio		Create a numbered stack of N elements.
	stk_read_next		stackio		Returns the next element from a stack.
	stk_read_num		stackio		Returns the selected element from a stack.
	stk_read_num		tools		stk_read_num is used to read one element of a user-defined stack. The output is to the outelement field of the stk_read_num parameter file.
	stk_rewind		stackio		Rewind the stack to its starting position.
	stk_set_current		stackio		Sets the current position of the stack.
	stk_where		tools		stk_where finds the location of an item in a stack
	store		chips		Saves a plot with all attributes.
	strcat		slangrtl		Concatenate strings
	strchopr		slangrtl		Chop or split a string into substrings.
	strchop		slangrtl		Chop or split a string into substrings.
	strcmp		slangrtl		Compare two strings
	strcompress		slangrtl		Remove excess whitespace characters from a string
	string_match_nth		slangrtl		Get the result of the last call to string_match
	string_match		slangrtl		Match a string against a regular expression
	string		slangrtl		Convert an object to a string representation.
	strjoin		slangrtl		Concatenate elements of a string array
	strlen		slangrtl		Compute the length of a string
	strlow		slangrtl		Convert a string to lowercase
	strncmp		slangrtl		Compare the first few characters of two strings
	strong		guide		List "strong" emission lines at a given temperature, within specified wavelength bounds.
	strreplace		slangrtl		Replace one or more substrings
	strsub		slangrtl		Replace a character with another in a string.
	strtok		slangrtl		Extract tokens from a string
	strtrans		slangrtl		Replace characters in a string
	strtrim_beg		slangrtl		Remove leading whitespace from a string
	strtrim_end		slangrtl		Remove trailing whitespace from a string
	strtrim		slangrtl		Remove whitespace from the ends of a string
	strup		slangrtl		Convert a string to uppercase
	str_delete_chars		slangrtl		Delete characters from a string
	str_quote_string		slangrtl		Escape characters in a string.
	str_replace		slangrtl		Replace a substring of a string
	str_uncomment_string		slangrtl		Remove comments from a string
	subspace		concept		Describes the filtering applied to a file
	substr		slangrtl		Extract a substring from a string
	subtract		sherpa		Performs background subtraction.
	sum		slangrtl		Sum over the elements of an array
	surface		chips		Adds a surface plot to a drawing area.
	symbol		chips		Specifies the appearance of symbols in a curve.
	syntax		tools		Syntax used for writing mathematical operations in dmtcalc, dmimgcalc, and dmgti
	syserrors		sherpa		Defines an expression or file to be used to specify the systematic errors for source data.
	system		slangrtl		Execute a shell command

T		tanh		slangrtl		Compute the hyperbolic tangent of an number
		tan		sherpa		Tangent function. Integration OFF.
		tan		slangrtl		Compute the tangent of an number
		taskmonitor		gui		GUI to run a task as a background process and display the output
		tgdetect		tools		Detect and centroid the zero order image in a spatial sub-region of a grating event list.
		tgextract		tools		Bin event list grating wavelengths column into a one-dimensional counts histogram, by source, grating part, and diffraction order.
		tgidselectsrc		tools		Filter an input source list based upon a SNR threshold.
		tgmatchsrc		tools		Match sources between two source lists by their 2-D separation files.
		tg_bkg		tools		Creates a PHA background file for use in XSPEC
		tg_create_mask		tools		Create a region file to define spectrum sky boundaries
		tg_osort_img		tools		Create an image that shows the density of events in different orders
		tg_resolve_events		tools		Assign grating events to spectral orders; use detector energy resolution for order separation, if available.
		tg_scale_reg		tools		Create a region file that labels distances along the grating arm
		thaw		sherpa		Allows model parameter(s) to vary.
		ticks		chips		Specifies the spacing of tick marks.
		tickvals		chips		Controls the appearance of numerical tick mark labels.
		tic		slangrtl		Start timing
		times		chandra		"Times" used in Chandra datasets and Chandra data analysis
		times		slangrtl		Get process times
		time		slangrtl		Return the current data and time as a string
		tips		slang		S-Lang tips and example functions
		title		chips		Adds a title and/or changes the title attribute.
		toc		slangrtl		Get elapsed CPU time
		tolower		slangrtl		Convert a character to lowercase.
		toupper		slangrtl		Convert a character to uppercase.
		tpsf1d		sherpa		A 1-D TCD-model-based instrument model.
		tpsf		sherpa		A 2-D TCD-model-based instrument model.
		transpose		slangrtl		Transpose an array
		truncate		sherpa		Resets negative model amplitudes to zero.
		typecast		slangrtl		Convert an object from one data type to another.
		typeof		slangrtl		Get the data type of an object.
		type		chips		Reports the data that are associated with a curve.

U		umask		slangrtl		Set the file creation mask
		uname		slangrtl		Get the system name
		uncertainty		sherpa		Estimates confidence intervals for selected thawed parameters.
		undo		chips		Undoes the most recently executed plotting command.
		ungroup		sherpa		Causes Sherpa to undo a grouping scheme that had been applied to source or background data.
		unlink		sherpa		Removes a link between model parameters.
		unpack		slangrtl		Unpack Objects from a Binary String
		unsubtract		sherpa		Undoes background subtraction.
		usage		slangrtl		Generate a usage error
		usermethod		sherpa		A user-defined method.
		usermodel		sherpa		User implemented model. Integration OFF.
		usermodel		slang		Creating Sherpa Usermodels with S-Lang
		username		varmm		Returns the login name of the owner of the current process.
		userstat		sherpa		User implemented statistic.
		use_namespace		slangrtl		Change to another namespace
		use		sherpa		Calls and executes a Sherpa script.

V		variables		slang		Variables in S-Lang
		varmmrl		modules		The Varmm readline module for S-Lang
		varmm_rl_blink		varmmrl		Sets the "blink" mode of the ChIPS and Sherpa command line.
		varmm_rl_editmode		varmmrl		Set the editing mode ("emacs" or "vi") of the ChIPS and Sherpa command line.
		varmm		modules		The Variable, Math and Macro S-Lang library
		verbose		chips		Regulates reporting of error and informational messages.
		verror		slangrtl		Generate an error condition
		version		sherpa		Reports the Sherpa version that is in use.
		viewpoint		chips		Controls the rotation angle of a surface plot.
		vmessage		slangrtl		Print a formatted string onto the message device
		vtpdetect		tools		Voronoi Tessellation and Percolation (VTP) source detection

W		wavdetect		tools		Mexican-Hat Wavelet source detection (wtransform+wrecon)
		wcs_match		tools		Create a frame transformation to minimize the aspect difference between data from the same sky region.
		wcs_update		tools		Modify aspect solution file RA, Dec, and roll or infile WCS based on a transformation matrix.
		where		slangrtl		Get indices where an integer array is non-zero
		wrecon		tools		Combine wavelet transform coefficients into sources
		writeascii		varmm		S-Lang function to create an ASCII output file from S-Lang arrays
		writefits		varmm		S-Lang function to create a FITS output file.
		write		sherpa		Causes the specified information to be written to the screen or to a file.
		write		slangrtl		Write to an open file descriptor
		wtransform		tools		Obtain wavelet transform coefficients for poisson image data

X		xlabel		chips		Adds a label along the X-axis of a drawing area and/or changes X-axis label attributes.
		xpaaccess		xpa		Find out how many XPA access points are available that match a given name.
		xpaclose		xpa		Close a persistent XPA connection created by XPAOpen().
		xpagetb		xpa		Retrieve binary data from one or more XPA servers.
		xpagettofile		xpa		Retrieve data from one or more XPA servers and write the results to a file.
		xpaget		xpa		Retrieve data from one or more XPA servers.
		xpaopen		xpa		Create a persistent connection for XPA calls.
		xpaset		xpa		Send a command or data to one or more XPA servers.
		xpa_maxhosts		xpa		This variable stores the maximum number of hosts to be contacted in a XPA call.
		xpa_version		xpa		The version of the XPA library being used by the S-Lang module.
		xpa		modules		The S-Lang interface to the XPA library.
		xsabsori		sherpa		Ionized absorber. XSpec model.
		xsacisabs		sherpa		Decay in the ACIS quantum efficiency. XSpec model.
		xsapec		sherpa		APEC thermal plasma model. XSpec model.
		xsbapec		sherpa		APEC thermal plasma model with velocity broadening as a free parameter. XSpec model.
		xsbbodyrad		sherpa		Blackbody spectrum with norm proportional to surface area. XSpec model.
		xsbbody		sherpa		Blackbody spectrum. XSpec model.
		xsbexrav		sherpa		E-folded broken power law reflected from neutral matter. XSpec model.
		xsbexriv		sherpa		E-folded broken power law reflected from ionized matter. XSpec model.
		xsbknpower		sherpa		Broken power law. XSpec model.
		xsbmc		sherpa		Comptonization by relativistically moving matter. XSpec model.
		xsbremss		sherpa		Thermal bremsstrahlung. XSpec model.
		xsbvapec		sherpa		APEC thermal plasma model with variable abundances and velocity broadening as a free parameter. XSpec model.
		xsc6mekl		sherpa		6th-order Chebyshev polynomial DEM using mekal. XSpec model.
		xsc6pmekl		sherpa		Exponential of 6th-order Chebyshev polyn. DEM using mekal. XSpec model.
		xsc6pvmkl		sherpa		Variable abundance version of c6pmekl. XSpec model.
		xsc6vmekl		sherpa		Variable abundance version of c6mekl. XSpec model.
		xscabs		sherpa		Compton scattering (non-relativistic). XSpec model.
		xscemekl		sherpa		Multi-temperature mekal. XSpec model.
		xscevmkl		sherpa		Multi-temperature vmeka. XSpec model.
		xscflow		sherpa		Cooling flow model. XSpec model.
		xscompbb		sherpa		Comptonized blackbody spectrum after Nishimura et al. (1986). XSpec model.
		xscompls		sherpa		Comptonization spectrum after Lamb and Sanford (1979). XSpec model.
		xscompst		sherpa		Comptonization spectrum after Sunyaev and Titarchuk (1980). XSpec model.
		xscomptt		sherpa		Comptonization spectrum after Titarchuk (1994). XSpec model.
		xsconstant		sherpa		Energy-independent multiplicative factor. XSpec model.
		xscutoffpl		sherpa		Power law with high energy exponential cutoff. XSpec model.
		xscyclabs		sherpa		Cyclotron absorption line. XSpec model.
		xsdiskbb		sherpa		Multiple blackbody disk model. XSpec model.
		xsdiskline		sherpa		Line emission from relativistic accretion disk. XSpec model.
		xsdiskm		sherpa		Disk model with gas pressure viscosity. XSpec model.
		xsdisko		sherpa		Modified blackbody disk model. XSpec model.
		xsdiskpn		sherpa		Accretion disk around a black hole. XSpec model.
		xsdisk		sherpa		Disk model. XSpec model.
		xsdust		sherpa		Dust scattering out of the beam. XSpec model.
		xsedge		sherpa		Absorption edge. XSpec model.
		xsequil		sherpa		Equilibrium ionization collisional plasma model from Borkowski. XSpec model.
		xsexpabs		sherpa		Low-energy exponential cutoff. XSpec model.
		xsexpdec		sherpa		An exponential decay. XSpec model.
		xsexpfac		sherpa		Exponential factor. XSpec model.
		xsgabs		sherpa		A multiplicative gaussian absorption line. XSpec model.
		xsgaussian		sherpa		Simple gaussian line profile. XSpec model.
		xsgnei		sherpa		Generalized single ionization NEI plasma model. XSpec model.
		xsgrad		sherpa		GR accretion disk around a black hole. XSpec model.
		xsgrbm		sherpa		Gamma-ray burst model. XSpec model.
		xshighecut		sherpa		High energy cutoff. XSpec model.
		xshrefl		sherpa		Simple reflection model good up to 15 keV. XSpec model.
		xslaor		sherpa		Line from accretion disk around a black hole. XSpec model.
		xslorentz		sherpa		Lorentzian line profile. XSpec model.
		xsmekal		sherpa		Mewe-Kaastra-Liedahl thermal plasma (1995). XSpec model.
		xsmeka		sherpa		Mewe-Gronenschild-Kaastra thermal plasma (1992). XSpec model.
		xsmkcflow		sherpa		Cooling flow model based on mekal. XSpec model.
		xsnei		sherpa		Simple nonequilibrium ionization plasma model. XSpec model.
		xsnotch		sherpa		Notch line absorption. XSpec model.
	xsnpshock		sherpa		Plane-parallel shock with ion and electron temperatures. XSpec model.
	xsnsa		sherpa		Spectra in the X-ray range (0.05-10 keV) emitted from a hydrogen atmosphere of a neutron star. XSpec model.
	xsnteea		sherpa		Pair plasma model. XSpec model.
	xspcfabs		sherpa		Partial covering fraction absorption. XSpec model.
	xspecabundan		sherpa		Performs the XSPEC command abund.
	xspecxsect		sherpa		Performs the XSPEC command xsect.
	xspegpwrlw		sherpa		Power law with pegged normalization. XSpec model.
	xspexrav		sherpa		Exponentially cutoff power law reflected from neutral matter. XSpec model.
	xspexriv		sherpa		Exponentially cutoff power law reflected from ionized matter. XSpec model.
	xsphabs		sherpa		Photo-electric absorption. XSpec model.
	xsplabs		sherpa		Absorption model with power law dependence on energy. XSpec model.
	xsplcabs		sherpa		Cutoff power law observed through dense, cold matter. XSpec model.
	xsposm		sherpa		Positronium continuum. XSpec model.
	xspowerlaw		sherpa		Simple photon power law. XSpec model.
	xspshock		sherpa		Constant temperature, plane-parallel shock plasma model. XSpec model.
	xspwab		sherpa		An extension of partial covering fraction absorption into a power-law distribution of covering fraction. XSpec model.
	xsraymond		sherpa		Raymond-Smith thermal plasma. XSpec model.
	xsredden		sherpa		IR/optical/UV extinction from Cardelli et al. (1989). XSpec model.
	xsredge		sherpa		Recombination edge. XSpec model.
	xsrefsch		sherpa		E-folded power law reflected from an ionized relativistic disk. XSpec model.
	xssedov		sherpa		Sedov model with electron and ion temperatures. XSpec model.
	xssmedge		sherpa		Smoothed absorption edge. XSpec model.
	xsspline		sherpa		Spline multiplicative factor. XSpec model.
	xssrcut		sherpa		Synchrotron radiation from cutoff electron distribution. XSpec model.
	xssresc		sherpa		Synchrotron radiation from escape-limited electron distribution. XSpec model.
	xssssice		sherpa		Einstein Observatory SSS ice absorption. XSpec model.
	xsstep		sherpa		Step function convolved with gaussian. XSpec model.
	xstbabs		sherpa		Calculates the absorption of X-rays by the ISM. XSpec model.
	xstbgrain		sherpa		Calculates the absorption of X-rays by the ISM with variable hydrogen to H2 ratio and grain parameters. XSpec model.
	xstbvarabs		sherpa		Calculates the absorption of X-rays by the ISM, allowing user to vary all abundances, depletion factors, and grain properties. XSpec model.
	xsuvred		sherpa		UV reddening. XSpec model.
	xsvapec		sherpa		APEC thermal plasma model with variable abundances. XSpec model.
	xsvarabs		sherpa		Photoelectric absorption with variable abundances. XSpec model.
	xsvbremss		sherpa		Thermal bremsstrahlung spectrum with variable H/He. XSpec model.
	xsvequil		sherpa		Ionization equilibrium collisional plasma model with variable abundances. XSpec model.
	xsvgnei		sherpa		Non-equilibrium ionization collisional plasma model with variable abundances. XSpec model.
	xsvmcflow		sherpa		Cooling flow model based on vmekal. XSpec model.
	xsvmekal		sherpa		M-K-L thermal plasma with variable abundances. XSpec model.
	xsvmeka		sherpa		M-G-K thermal plasma with variable abundances. XSpec model.
	xsvnei		sherpa		Non-equilibrium ionization collisional plasma model with variable abundances. XSpec model.
	xsvnpshock		sherpa		Plane-parallel shock plasma model with separate ion and electron temperatures and variable abundances. XSpec model.
	xsvphabs		sherpa		Photoelectric absorption with variable abundances. XSpec model.
	xsvpshock		sherpa		Constant temperature, plane-parallel shock plasma model with variable abundances. XSpec model.
	xsvraymond		sherpa		Raymond-Smith thermal plasma with variable abundances. XSpec model.
	xsvsedov		sherpa		Sedov model with separate ion and electron temperatures and variable abundances. XSpec model.
	xswabs		sherpa		Photoelectric absorption (Morrison and McCammon). XSpec model.
	xswndabs		sherpa		Photoelectric absorption with low energy window. XSpec model.
	xsxion		sherpa		Reflected spectra of a photo-ionized accretion disk or ring. XSpec model.
	xszbbody		sherpa		Redshifted blackbody. XSpec model.
	xszbremss		sherpa		Redshifted thermal bremsstrahlung. XSpec model.
	xszedge		sherpa		Redshifted absorption edge. XSpec model.
	xszgauss		sherpa		Redshifted gaussian. XSpec model.
	xszhighect		sherpa		Redshifted high energy cutoff. XSpec model.
	xszpcfabs		sherpa		Redshifted partial covering absorption. XSpec model.
	xszphabs		sherpa		Redshifted photoelectric absorption. XSpec model.
	xszpowerlw		sherpa		Redshifted power law. XSpec model.
	xsztbabs		sherpa		Calculates the absorption of X-rays by the ISM for modeling redshifted absorption. Does not include a dust component. XSpec model.
	xszvarabs		sherpa		Redshifted photoelectric absorption with variable abundances. XSpec model.
	xszvfeabs		sherpa		Redshifted absorption with variable iron abundance. XSpec model.
	xszvphabs		sherpa		Redshifted photoelectric absorption with variable abundances. XSpec model.
	xszwabs		sherpa		Redshifted "Wisconsin absorption." XSpec model.
	xszwndabs		sherpa		Redshifted photoelectric absorption with low energy window. XSpec model.
	xs		sherpa		XSpec model functions.

Y		ylabel		chips		Adds a label along the Y-axis of a drawing area and/or changes Y-axis label attributes.

Z		zlabel		chips		Adds a label along the Z-axis of a drawing area and/or changes Z-axis label attributes.

_		_apropos		slangrtl		Generate a list of functions and variables
		_auto_declare		slangrtl		Set automatic variable declaration mode
		_clear_error		slangrtl		Clear an error condition
		_debug_info		slangrtl		Configure debugging information
		_featurep		slangrtl		Test whether or not a feature is present
		_function_name		slangrtl		Returns the name of the currently executing function
		_get_namespaces		slangrtl		Returns a list of namespace names
		_isnull		slangrtl		Check array for NULL elements
		_NARGS		slangrtl		The number of parameters passed to a function
		_pop_n		slangrtl		Remove objects from the stack
		_print_stack		slangrtl		print the values on the stack.
		_push_struct_field_values		slangrtl		Push the values of a structure's fields onto the stack
		_reshape		slangrtl		Copy an array to a new shape
		_slangtrace		slangrtl		Turn function tracing on or off.
		_slang_doc_dir		slangrtl		Installed documentation directory
		_slang_guess_type		slangrtl		Guess the data type that a string represents.
		_slang_version_string		slangrtl		The S-Lang library version number as a string
		_slang_version		slangrtl		The S-Lang library version number
		_slxpa_version		xpa		The version of the S-Lang XPA module.
		_stkdepth		slangrtl		Get the number of objects currently on the stack.
		_stk_reverse		slangrtl		Reverse the order of the objects on the stack.
		_stk_roll		slangrtl		Roll items on the stack
		_time		slangrtl		Get the current time in seconds
		_traceback		slangrtl		Generate a traceback upon error
		_trace_function		slangrtl		Set the function to trace
		_typeof		slangrtl		Get the data type of an object
		__class_id		slangrtl		Return the class-id of a specified type
		__class_type		slangrtl		Return the class-type of a specified type
		__eqs		slangrtl		Test for equality between two objects
		__exit		varmm		S-Lang function to abort applications.
		__get_defined_symbols		slangrtl		Get the symbols defined by the preprocessor
		__get_reference		slangrtl		Get a reference to a global object
		__is_initialized		slangrtl		Determine whether or not a variable has a value
		__pop_args		slangrtl		Remove n function arguments from the stack
		__push_args		slangrtl		Remove n function arguments onto the stack
		__uninitialize		slangrtl		Uninitialize a variable

Jump to: Main AHELP page | Contextual List

Hardcopy (PDF): A4 | Letter

Last modified: 23 March 2007

Chandra Science | Chandra Home | Astronomy links | iCXC (CXC only) | Search

The Chandra X-Ray Center (CXC) is operated for NASA by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory.
60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Email: cxcweb@head.cfa.harvard.edu
Smithsonian Institution, Copyright © 1998-2004. All rights reserved.