Skip to the navigation links
Last modified: 13 December 2012

URL: http://cxc.harvard.edu/csc/columns/spectral_properties.html

Spectral Properties


The spectral properties of a source observed by ACIS include a set of hardness ratios determined from the aperture source photon fluxes in the source region, as well as flux determination by power law and black body model spectral fits to PI event data extracted from the source region.


Hardness Ratios

Hardness ratios appear in the both the Master Sources Table and the Source Observations Table with the field names
hard_xy, hard_xy_hilim, and hard_xy_lolim. The hardness ratios that appear in the Master Sources Table are determined from the best estimates of the aperture source photon fluxes in the source regions of the contributing individual source observations contained in the Source Observations Table.

Source hardness ratios are an approximate measure of the source spectral shape based on count ratios. The hardness ratio for a pair of bands x, y is defined as

hard_xy = (F(x) - F(y))/ F(s) + F(m) + F(h)

where F(x) is the aperture source photon flux (field photflux_aper in MSC) in band x, and F(s), F(m), and F(h) are the aperture source photon fluxes in the soft, medium, and hard bands. For example, hard_ms is the medium-to-soft band hardness ratio, defined as

hard_ms = (F(m) - F(s)) / F(s) + F(m) + F(h)

As the aperture photon fluxes are evaluated assuming a monochromatic energy exposure map in each energy band, the sum of the photon fluxes from individual bands can be somewhat different than the value of the photon flux calculated for the broad band, F(b).

The catalog includes only the ratios hard_ms, hard_hs and hard_hm. Hardness ratios using the broad, ultra-soft, and HRC bands are not included in the catalog. In the Table of Individual Source Observations, the two-sided confidence limits associated with the ACIS hardness ratios are computed from the aperture total counts of the observation. In the Master Sources Table, the two-sided confidence limits associated with the ACIS hardness ratios are computed from the aperture total counts of the set of individual source observations contributing to the corresponding master source observation.

Spectral Model Fits

The descriptions below apply to fields in both the Master Sources Table and Source Observations Table, unless noted otherwise. However, the properties of a master source observation represent the "best estimates" of the actual source properties derived from the set of individual source observations contributing to the master source observation.

Note: Spectral fit parameters may be unreliable for sources at large off-axis angles, where background levels can be high. A background-fitting approach will be considered for future releases of the catalog.

Master Sources Table:
If there are at least 150 net (background-subtracted) counts in the energy range 0.5-7.0 keV present in the source region in at least one of the individual ACIS observations contributing to the Master source observation, then power law and black body model spectra are fitted to PI event data extracted from the source region, with corrections for the PSF aperture fraction, livetime, and ARF applied when fitting models.

Source Observations Table:
If there are at least 150 net (background-subtracted) counts in the energy range 0.5-7.0 keV present in the source region of an ACIS observation, then power law and black body model spectra are fitted to PI event data extracted from the source region, with corrections for the PSF aperture fraction, livetime, and ARF applied when fitting models.