Current X-ray observatories have revolutionized the study of accretion in diverse astrophysical settings. Chandra and XMM-Newton gratings have enabled the detection of small velocity shifts and weak but vitally important lines, and the central engine in nearby accreting sources has been revealed in new detail. It is now possible to detect extremely faint sources, enhancing our understanding of accretion power throughout the universe and low-level accretion within the Milky Way. Chandra has also revealed unexpected parallels between accretion onto pre-main sequence stars, white dwarfs, neutron stars, stellar-mass and super-massive black holes. The goals of this meeting are: (1) to bring together a broad scientific community interested in probing accretion physics from the X-ray perspective, (2) to leverage the rich accretion phenomenology and diverse theoretical approaches toward the understanding of accretion, and (3) to look ahead to the next ten years with Chandra, and future X-ray missions as well.